Background image

Trees

 

Abies nordmanniana
Acer campbellii ssp. campbellii
Acer davidii
Acer griseum
Acer henryi

Acer japonicum 'Aconitifolium'
Acer mandshuricum
Acer negundo 'Argenteovariegatum'
Acer negundo 'Flamingo'
Acer negundo 'Kelly’s Gold'

Acer palmatum
Acer palmatum 'Asahi Zuru'
Acer palmatum 'Atropurpureum'
Acer palmatum 'Burgundy Lace'
Acer palmatum 'Butterfly'
Acer palmatum 'Dissectum'
Acer palmatum 'Dissectum Atropurpureum'
Acer palmatum 'Garnet'
Acer palmatum 'Osakazuki'
Acer palmatum 'Seiryu'
Acer palmatum 'Senkaki'
Acer palmatum 'Shigitatsu Sawa'
Acer palmatum 'Shishigashira'
Acer palmatum 'Trompenburg'
Acer platanoides 'Crimson King'
Acer pseudoplatanus
Acer shirasawanum 'Aureum'
Aesculus pavia
Agathis robusta
Aleurites moluccana
Araucaria araucana
Araucaria bidwillii
Araucaria columnaris
Arbutus unedo
Castanea sativa

Cedrus atlantica 'Glauca Pendula'
Cedrus deodara
Cercidiphyllum japonicum
Cercis siliquastrum

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Wisselii'
Chorisia speciosa
Cladrastis kentukea
Clethra arborea
Cordyline australis
Cornus controversa
Corymbia ficifolia
Cryptomeria japonica

Cryptomeria japonica 'Cristata'
Cunninghamia lanceolata
Cupressus cashmeriana
Diploglottis cunninghamii
Dracaena draco

Embothrium coccineum
Erythrina crista-galli
Eucalyptus globulus
Eugenia myrtifolia
Fagus orientalis
Fagus sylvatica

Fagus sylvatica 'Purpurea'
Ficus benjamina 'Starlight'
Ginkgo biloba
Halesia carolina
Halleria lucida
Juglans nigra
Liquidambar styraciflua
Liriodendron tulipifera
Luma apiculata
Magnolia denudata

Magnolia denudata 'Yellow River'
Magnolia grandiflora
Magnolia kobus
Magnolia liliflora

Magnolia 'Sunburst'
Magnolia x soulangeana 'Brozzonii'
Magnolia x soulangeana 'Burgundy'
Magnolia x soulangeana 'Lennei'
Magnolia x soulangeana 'Rustica rubra'
Melaleuca leucadendron
Melaleuca linariifolia
Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Metrosideros excelsa

Metrosideros excelsus 'Aureus'
Metrosideros kermadecensis 'Variegata'
Metrosideros robusta
Metrosideros 'Thomasii'
Nyssa sylvatica
Ocotea foetens
Oxydendrum arboreum
Pandanus utilis
Paulownia tomentosa
Phyllarthron madagascariense

Picea pungens 'Niemetz'
Pittosporum eugenioides
Pittosporum eugenioides
'Variegatum'
Pittosporum tenuifolium 'James Stirling'
Pittosporum undulatum
Platanus orientalis

Platanus x hispanica
Podocarpus macrophyllus
Polyspora axillaris
Populus nigra
Prunus cerasifera
'Pissardii' 
Pseudolarix amabilis
Psidium cattleianum
Quercus coccinea
Quercus ilex
Quercus imbricaria
Quercus palustris
Quercus phellos
Quercus robur
Quercus suber

Quercus x turneri
Rhododendro arboreum
Sequoia sempervirens
Stewartia pseudocamellia
Stewartia sinensis
Styrax obassia
Syzygium jambos
Taxodium ascendens
Taxodium distichum
Tilia cordata
Ulmus procera
Wollemia nobilis

<<

Shrubs

 

Abutilon megapotamicum
Acca sellowiana
Agapetes serpens
Ardisia crenata
Ardisia crenata
'Alba'
Banksia sp.
Beaucarnea recurvata
Brunfelsia pauciflora
'Macrantha'
Callistemon citrinus
Callistemon citrinus 
'Splendens'
Callistemon citrinus 'Mauve Mist'
Callistemon citrinus 'White Anzac'
Callistemon viminalis
Calycanthus floridus
Cestrum newellii
Chaenomeles
sp.
Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Nana Gracilis'
Chionanthus virginicus
Clethra barbinervis
Cleyera japonica
'Variegata' 
Cordyline stricta
Cordyline terminalis
Corylopsis veitchiana 
Cotoneaster lacteus

Cryptomeria japonica 'Compressa'
Cryptomeria japonica 'Monstrosa'
Cryptomeria japonica 'Yokohama'
Cuphea hyssopifolia
Cuphea ignea
Deutzia scabra
'Plena'
Dodonaea viscosa 'Purpurea'
Elaeagnus pungens 'Maculata' 
Eurya emarginata
Ficus pumila
Forsythia
× intermedia
Fuchsia magellanica 'Aurea'
Fuchsia thymifolia
Furcraea selloa
var. marginata
Gaultheria procumbens
Hamamelis virginiana
Hedera
spp.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 'Mango Moon'
Hydrangea macrophylla
Hydrangea paniculata
Hydrangea quercifolia
Hydrangea serrata 

Ilex aquifolium 'Golden van Tol' 
Ilex aquifolium 'Silver Queen' 
Iochroma cyaneum 'Violacea’
Jasminum polyanthum
Leptospermum scoparium
'Burgundy Queen'
Leptospermum scoparium 'Martinii' 
Leptospermum scoparium 'Red Damask'
Leucothoe fontanesiana 'Rainbow'
Luculia gratissima
Magnolia stellata
Mahonia lomariifolia
Mahonia
x media 'Charity'
Mahonia x media 'Lionel Fortescue' 
Mahonia x media 'Winter Sun'
Metrosideros collina 'Tahiti'
Michelia figo
Myrtus lechleriana
Nolina longifolia
Odontonema strictum
Osmanthus heterophyllus
'Goshiki'
Philodendron bipinnatifidum
Photinia
x fraseri 'Red Robin'
Pieris formosa var. forrestii 'Wakehurst'
Pieris japonica 'Dorothy Wyckoff'
Pittosporum tobira 'Variegatum'
Rhaphiolepis indica
Rhaphiolepis umbellata
Rhododendron maddenii
subsp. crassum
Rhododendron 'Shamrock'
Rhododendron 'Thor'
Roldana petasitis
Ruscus aculeatus
Solanum pseudocapsicum
Strelitzia nicolai 
Telopea speciosissima
Strobilanthes maculatus
Tibouchina urvilleana

Viburnum opulus
Viburnum plicatum
Wisteria sinensis 
Xanthorrhoea johnsonii
Yucca elephantipes 
Yucca filamentosa
Yucca rostrata


<<

Herbacous plants

 

Agapanthus praecox ssp. orientalis
Allium triquetrum
Alstroemeria aurantiaca
Alstroemeria pulchella
Amaryllis belladonna
Aquilegia vulgaris
Aspidistra elatior
Aspidistra elatior
 
'Milky Way'
Aspidistra elatior 'Variegata'
Astilbe sp.
Canna × generalis
Cana patens
Canna 'Tropical Red'
Canna 'Tropical Rose'
Canna 'Tropical Salmon'
Canna 'Tropical White'
Canna 'Tropical Yellow'
Cleome sp.
Clivia miniata
Colocasia esculenta
Crinum
 x powellii
Crinum x powellii 'Album'
Crocosmia masonorum
Dahlia
 spp.
Dietes grandiflora
Doryanthes excelsa
Farfugium japonicum
 'Argentea'
Farfugium japonicum 'Aureomaculatum'
Farfugium japonicum 'Gigantea'
Farfugium japonicum 'Jitsuko's Star'
Freesia sp.
Gunnera tinctoria
Hedychium coccineum
Hedychium densiflorum
 'Assam Orange'
Hedychium densiflorum 'Stephen'
Hedychium 'Dixter'
Hedychium gardnerianum
Hedychium x moorei 'Tara'
Hemerocallis fulva 'Kwanso'
Hippeastrum reticulatum var. striatifolium
Huperzia dentata
Iris foetidissima
Ixia paniculata
Kniphofia linearifolia

Liatris spicata
Lobelia siphilitica
Melianthus major
Myosotis maritima
Nerine sarniensis
Ophiopogon japonicus
Ophiopogon planiscapus
 
'Nigrescens'
Orchidaceae spp.
Penstemon sp.
Phaius tankervilleae
Philodendron pertusum
Phormium cookianum
 'Tricolor'
Phormium 'Dark Delight'
Phormium 'Jester'
Phormium 'Maori queen'
Phormium tenax
Phormium tenax 'Veitchianum'
Phormium 'Yellow Wave'
Salvia involucrata 'Bethellii'
Salvia leucantha
Scadoxus puniceus
Sobralia macrantha
Sobralia 
Mirabilis 'Madeira'
Soleirolia soleirolii
Sparaxis bulbifera
Strelitzia reginae
Vallota speciosa
Zantedeschia aethiopica
Zantedeschia aethiopica
 'Green Goddess'

 


<<

Palm trees

 

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana
Bismarckia nobilis
Butia capitata
Chamaedorea seifrizii
Chamaerops humulis
Euterpe edulis
Howea forsteriana
Livistona chinensis
Livistona rotundifolia
Phoenix canariensis
Phoenix dactylifera
Phoenix roebelenii
Ravenea rivularis
Rhapis excelsa
Rhopalostylis sapida
Syagrus romanzoffiana
Trachycarpus fortunei
Washingtonia robusta


<<

Aquatic plants

 

Cyperus papyrus
Nelumbo nucifera
Nymphaea
'Margaret Randig'
Nymphaea spp.
Nymphoides peltata
Victoria cruziana

<<

Bamboos

 

Bambusa multiplex 'Alphonse Karr'
Bambusa oldhamii
Bambusa vulgaris
Chusquea coronalis
Chusquea montana
Dendrocalamus giganteus
Fargesia papyrifera
Fargesia
sp. Tom (Yushania lu)
Hibanobambusa tranquillans 'Shiroshima'
Himalayacalamus asper
Phyllostachys aureosulcata
'Spectabilis'
Phyllostachys heteroclada
Phyllostachys nigra
Pleioblastus fortunei
Pseudosasa japonica
Pseudosasa japonica
'Tsutsumiana'


<<

Bromeliaceae Garden

 

Aechmea chantinii
Aechmea
'Del Mar'
Aechmea fasciata
Aechmea
'Fia'
Aechmea fulgens var. discolor
Aechmea 'Inca'
Aechmea servitensis var. exigua
Ananas bracteatus var. tricolor
Billbergia 'Domingos Martins'
Bromelia humilis
Canistropsis
'Blood Orange'
Catopsis morreniana
Guzmania
'Candy'
Guzmania 'Cezanne'
Guzmania conifera
Guzmania 'El Cope'
Guzmania 'Fire Cracker'
Guzmania 'Gemma'
Guzmania 'Optima'
Guzmania 'Ostara'
Guzmania 'Purple Stripe'
Guzmania 'Ritmo'
Guzmania 'Roxa'
Guzmania 'Soledo'
Guzmania 'Switch'
Guzmania 'Torch'
Guzmania 'Voila'
Lymania smithii
Neoregelia
'Fireball'
Neoregelia 'Freddie'
Neoregelia 'Madame Van Durme'
Neoregelia 'Nuance'
Neoregelia schultesiana 'Fireball'
Tillandsia argentea
Tillandsia cacticola
Tillandsia cynea
Tillandsia dyeriana
Tillandsia espinosae
Tillandsia filifolia
Tillandsia flabellata
Tillandsia funckiana
Tillandsia hondurensis
Tillandsia ionantha
'Fuego'
Tillandsia ionantha 'Rubra'
Tillandsia ionantha var. ionantha
Tillandsia 'Josee'
Tillandsia jucunda
Tillandsia juncea
Tillandsia oaxacana 
Tillandsia oerstediana
Tillandsia prunosa
Tillandsia samantha
Tillandsia schiedeana
Tillandsia seleriana
Tillandsia streptocarpa

Tillandsia streptophylla
Tillandsia stricta 
Tillandsia sucrei
Tillandsia tectorum
Tillandsia usneoides
Tillandsia usneoides
(Brazilian type)
Tillandsia usneoides (Columbian type)
Tillandsia usneoides (Hondurensis type)
Tillandsia usneoides (Mexican type)
Vriesea 'Astrid'
Vriesea 'Cathy'
Vriesea 'Christiane'
Vriesea 'Enjoy'
Vriesea 'Era'
Vriesea 'Erika'
Vriesea gigantea 'Nova'
Vriesea hieroglyphica 
Vriesea poelmanii
Vriesea saundersii
Vriesea
'Snow White'
Vriesea 'Splenriet'


<<

Azaleas garden

 

Rhododendron 'Ben Morrison' (Glenn Dale Hybrid)
Rhododendron 'Golden Sunset' (Ghent Hybrid)
Rhododendron 'Hino-crimson' (Kurume Hybrid)
Rhododendron indicum 
Rhododendron johnstoneanum
Rhododendron 'Mme. Albert Van Hecke' (Kaempferi Hybrid)
Rhododendron 'Persil' (Ghent Hybrid)
Rhododendron x obtusum 'Amoena'

Best time to view:
Azaleas: early April to mid-May
Japanese Azaleas: early May to mid-June
Rhododendrons: mid-May to end June

<<

 

Camellia Collection

Camellias are always enchanting, whether it is for their exoticism, great diversity of colour and form, the beauty of their foliage or their longevity.

Despite the great diversity of species of the genus Camellia (Theaceae family), only a few are widely cultivated as ornamental garden plants: Camellia japonica, Camellia reticulata, Camellia sasanqua, Camellia saluenensis or hybrids. In addition to these, Camellia sinensis is also of enormous economic importance to the tea industry, while Camellia oleifera and certain other species are important for their oil.

The introduction of Camellias (also known in Portugal as the “Japoneira” or “Rosa do Japão” and not to be confused with the “Japanese Rose” or Kerria japonica of the Anglo-Saxon countries) into Portugal occurred during the Age of Discoveries, in the 16th century, when the Portuguese began trading with Japan and China, where the genus Camellia is extremely common.

Camellias adapted well and can be found over the entire Azorean archipelago; however, it is on the island of São Miguel that the greatest concentration of varieties and broadest genetic diversity can be found. On São Miguel, Camellias are very common in both public and private gardens, often being used as hedges to provide protection against strong winds or to set boundaries.

The Terra Nostra Garden, which is well-known for the diversity of its exotic plants and trees, possesses an extensive collection of camellia shrubs, including both ancient and other more recent varieties. The more than 600 different species and cultivars of camellia found in the garden enrich the natural landscape and create an environment of unique beauty, from autumn (with the flowering of the Sasanqua camellia) until spring, with the flowering of the other species.

Many of the camellias in the Terra Nostra Garden have been identified, right down to the species, and have been divided into distinct areas and set out according to the surrounding landscape and devised in such a way as to facilitate exhibition of the entire collection. As such, visitors can find a camellia garden divided into four distinct areas, filled with cultivars of Camellia japonica, Camellia reticulata, Camellia sasanqua, hybrid Camellia and other species.

Head gardener, Fernando Costa aims to continue increasing the number of Camellia cultivars in the collection by bringing in new examples, as well as hybridisation of existing plants. In doing so, the number of visitors, both collectors and plant lovers, is expected to increase.

Terra Nostra Garden was considered a "Camellia Garden of Excellence" by the International Camellia Society (ICS), on the 2014 congress, which took place in Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain and gathered world experts on camellias who decided to recognize Terra Nostra Garden.


Flowering Season

Sep - Jun

Best Time to Visit

Camellia sasanqua
Oct - Nov

Camellia reticulata & Hybrids
Feb - Mar

Camellia japonica
Feb - Apr

<<

 

List of plants in the Camellias Collection

C. reticulata x C. sasanqua 'Arcadia'
Camellia reticulata 'Big Dipper Variegated'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'Bill Goertz'
Camellia reticulata hybrid 'Bill Woodroof'
Camellia reticulata hybrid 'Black Lace'
C. saluenensis x C. reticulata 'Brian'
C. saluenensis x C. reticulata 'Brian Variegated'
Camellia reticulata hybrid 'Buddha'
C. reticulata x C. sasanqua 'California Dawn'
Camellia reticulata hybrid 'California Fantasy'
C. reticulata x C. sasanqua 'California Sunset'
Camellia reticulata 'Captain Rawes'
Camellia reticulata 'Curtain Call'
Camellia reticulata Damanao '(Large Cornelian)'
Camellia reticulata 'Dayinhong'
C. reticulata x C japonica 'Dolores Hope'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'Dr Clifford Parks'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'Dream Castle'
C. sasanqua x C. reticulata 'Dream Girl'
C. saluenensis x C. reticulata 'Dr Louis Polizzi'
Camellia reticulata 'Eden Roc'
Camellia reticulata 'Emma Gaeta Variegated'
C. japonica x C. reticulata 'Fire Chief'
C. japonica x C. reticulata 'Fire Chief Variegated'
C. reticulata x C. sasanqua 'Floer Girl'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'Forty-Niner'
 C. saluenensis x C. reticulata 'Francie L'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'Frank Houser'
Camellia reticulata hybrid 'Frank Houser Variegated'
Camellia reticulata hybrid 'Highlight'
C. japonica x C. reticulata 'Harold L. Paige'
Camellia reticulata 'Houye Diechi (Thick Leaf Butterfly Wings)'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'Hulyn Smith'
C. japonica x C. reticulata 'Howard Asper'
C. japonica x C. reticulata 'Howard Dumas'
C. saluenensis x C. reticulata 'Innovation'
Camellia reticulata hybrid 'Interval'
C. reticulata x C. saluenensis 'Inspiration'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'Jean Pursel'
Camellia reticulata 'Kiwi Triumph'
Camellia reticulata hybrid 'La Petite'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'Lasca Beauty'
Camellia reticulata hybrid 'Leonard Messel'
Camellia reticulata hybrid 'Lila Naff'
C. reticulata x C. granthamiana 'Lois Shinault'
Camellia reticulata 'Margaret Hilford'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'Milo Rowell'
Camellia reticulata 'Miss Tulare'
Camellia reticulata 'Mouchang'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'Otto Hopfer'
Camellia reticulata 'Pavlova'
Camellia reticulata 'Pedro Garcia'
Camellia reticulata 'Professor Tsai'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'Red Crystal'
Camellia reticulata hybrid 'Rob Roy'
C. japonica x C. reticulata 'Royalty'
Camellia reticulata hybrid 'Ruta Hagmann'
Camellia reticulata 'Samantha'
Camellia reticulata hybrid 'Shanghai Lady'
Camellia reticulata 'Songzilin (Pine Cone Scales)'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'Terrel Weaver'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'Terrel Weaver Variegated'
Camellia reticulata hybrid 'Three Dreams'
C. japonica x C. reticulata 'Trophy'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'Valentine Day'
Camellia reticulata 'Valentine Day Variegated'
C. saluenensis x C. reticulata 'Valley Knudsen'
Camellia reticulata 'W.P. Gilley Variegated'
C. reticulata x C. japonica 'White Retic'
Camellia reticulata 'William Hertrich'
Camellia reticulata 'Winner's Circle'
Camellia japonica 'Adamastor'
Camellia japonica 'Adolphe Audusson'
Camellia japonica 'Adolpho F. Moller'
Camellia japonica 'Aka-koshimino (Red Skirt)
Camellia japonica 'Alba Plena'
Camellia japonica 'Alba Simplex'
Camellia japonica 'Alberto Allen'
Camellia japonica 'Alfredo Allen'
Camellia japonica 'Alice Wood'
Camellia japonica 'All American'
Camellia japonica 'Althaeiflora'
Camellia japonica 'Amagashita (Under Heaven)'
Camellia japonica 'Anemoniflora Rubra'
Camellia japonica 'Angela Cocchi'
Camellia japonica 'Apple Blossom'
Camellia japonica 'Arabian Nights'
Camellia japonica 'Arcozelo'
Camellia japonica 'Aspasia Macarthur'
Camellia japonica 'Augusto Leal de Gouveia Pinto'
Camellia japonica 'Sophia (Syn: Autonomia dos Açores)'
Camellia japonica 'Ballet Dancer'
Camellia japonica 'Bamby'
Camellia japonica 'Baoji (Houseki)'
Camellia japonica 'Bella Lambertii'
Camellia japonica 'Bella Romana'
Camellia japonica 'Belliformis'
Camellia japonica 'Beni-arashi (Red Tempest)'
Camellia japonica 'Benten-kagura (Benten-leaf Daikagura)'
Camellia japonica 'Bento de Amorim'
Camellia japonica 'Betty Sheffield Supreme'
Camellia japonica 'Betty Sheffield Pink'
Camellia japonica 'Betty Sheffield White'
Camellia japonica 'Betty's Beauty'
Camellia japonica 'Billie McCaskill'
Camellia japonica 'Blackburnia'
Camellia japonica 'Black Gold'
Camellia japonica 'Black Magic'
Camellia japonica 'Black Tie'
Camellia japonica 'Blood of China'
Camellia japonica 'Bob Hope'
Camellia japonica 'Bob's Tinsie'
Camellia japonica 'Bokuhan'
Camellia japonica 'Bonomiana'
Camellia japonica 'Bridesmaid'
Camellia japonica 'Brushfield's Yellow'
Camellia japonica 'C.M. Wilson'
Camellia japonica 'Caleb Cope'
Camellia japonica 'Can Can'
Camellia japonica 'Candy Apple'
Camellia japonica 'Candy Mint'
Camellia japonica 'Canterbury'
Camellia japonica 'Cara Mia'
Camellia japonica 'Carter's Sunburst'
Camellia japonica 'Carter's Sunburst Blush'
Camellia japonica 'Catherine Stimson'
C. japonica subsp. rusticana 'Charles Henty'
Camellia japonica 'China Doll'
Camellia japonica 'Christiano Van-Zeller'
Camellia japonica 'Cidade de Vigo'
Camellia japonica 'Cinderella'
Camellia japonica 'Clara Maria Pope'
Camellia japonica 'Clark Hubbs'
Camellia japonica 'Collettii'
Camellia japonica 'Commander Mulroy'
Camellia japonica 'Compacta Alba'
Camellia japonica 'Concordia'
Camellia japonica 'Conde da Torre'
Camellia japonica 'Conde das Antas'
Camellia japonica 'Conde do Bomfim'
Camellia japonica 'Condor'
Camellia japonica 'Conifera'
Camellia japonica 'Coquettii'
Camellia japonica 'Lavinia Maggi'
Camellia japonica 'Contessa Woronzoff'
Camellia japonica 'Coronation'
Camellia japonica 'Courtesan'
Camellia japonica 'Cup of Beauty'
Camellia japonica 'Dahlohnega'
Camellia japonica 'Debutante'
Camellia japonica 'Deep Secret'
Camellia japonica 'Demi-Tasse'
Camellia japonica 'Desire'
Camellia japonica 'Dixie Knight Supreme'
Camellia japonica 'Dom Diniz'
Camellia japonica 'Don Mac'
Camellia japonica 'Dona Herzília de Freitas Magalhães'
Camellia japonica 'Dona Jane Andresen'
Camellia japonica 'Donnan's Dream'
Camellia japonica 'Doris Freeman'
Camellia japonica 'Dorothy Murphy'
Camellia japonica 'Doutor Balthazar de Mello'
Camellia japonica 'Dr Burnside'
Camellia japonica 'Dr King'
Camellia japonica 'Dr Tinsley'
Camellia japonica 'Drama Girl'
Camellia japonica 'Duarte de Oliveira'
Camellia japonica 'Duc de Bretagne'
Camellia japonica 'Edna Deadwyler'
Camellia japonica 'Edward Cole'
Camellia japonica 'Eleanor Martin Supreme'
Camellia japonica 'Elegans'
Camellia japonica 'Elegans Champagne'
Camellia japonica 'Elegans Splendor'
Camellia japonica 'Elegans Supreme'
Camellia japonica 'Elizabeth Dowd Silver'
Camellia japonica 'Elizabeth Weaver Var.'
Camellia japonica 'Emperor of Russia'
Camellia japonica 'Emperor of Russia Variegated'
Camellia japonica 'Erin Farmer'
Camellia japonica 'Eugenia de Montijo'
Camellia japonica 'Extravaganza'
Camellia japonica 'Fashionata'
Camellia japonica 'Fimbriata'
Camellia japonica 'Fir Cone Variegated'
Camellia japonica 'Fire Falls'
Camellia japonica 'Fire Falls Variegated'
Camellia japonica 'Flamingo'
Camellia japonica 'Flashlight'
Camellia japonica 'Fleur Dipater'
Camellia japonica 'Frances Butler'
Camellia japonica 'Frances Hill'
Camellia japonica 'Fred Sander'
Camellia japonica 'Frederichi'
Camellia japonica 'Gauntlettii'
Camellia japonica 'Geisha Girl'
Camellia japonica 'Gigantea'
Camellia japonica 'Ginyô-Tsubaki (Silver Leaf Camellia)'
Camellia japonica 'Glacier'
Camellia japonica 'Goshoguruma (Royal Carriage)'
Camellia japonica 'Grand Marshal'
Camellia japonica 'Grand Marshal Variegated'
Camellia japonica 'Grand Prix'
Camellia japonica 'Grand Prix Variegated'
Camellia japonica 'Grape Soda'
Camellia japonica 'Great Eastern'
Camellia japonica 'Guest of Honor'
Camellia japonica 'Guilio Nuccio'
Camellia japonica 'Guilio Nuccio Variegated'
Camellia japonica 'Gulfport Purple'
Camellia japonica 'Hagoromo'
Camellia japonica 'Hakuhan-Kujaku'
Camellia japonica 'Hanafûki (Flower of Wealth and Honour)'
Camellia japonica Higo 'Happy Higo'
Camellia japonica Higo 'Happy Higo Variegated'
Camellia japonica 'Hawaii'
Camellia japonica 'Helen Bower'
Camellia japonica 'Henry E. Huntington'
Camellia japonica 'Herzilia II'
Camellia japonica Higo 'Higo-kyô-nishiki (Brocade of the Metropolis Higo)'
Camellia japonica 'Hikarugenji (Brilliant Genji)'
Camellia japonica 'Holly'
Camellia japonica 'Holly Bright'
Camellia japonica 'Holly Bright Variegated'
Camellia japonica 'Hongfengwei (Red Phoenix Tail)'
Camellia japonica 'Hopkin's Pink'
Camellia japonica 'Huafoding (Foding' Variegated)'
Camellia japonica 'Il Garofolo'
Camellia japonica 'Imbricata'
Camellia japonica 'Imperial Splendour'
Camellia japonica 'Imura'
Camellia japonica 'In The Pink'
Camellia japonica 'Ikkyû (Japanese Poet)'
Camellia japonica 'Iwane-shibori'
C. japonica subsp. rusticana 'Izumi'
Camellia japonica 'Jasmim de Fiães'
Camellia japonica 'Jiuqu (Nine Bends)'
Camellia japonica 'Kakure-Isso'
Camellia japonica 'Karabenten (Chinese Beauty)'
C. japonica subsp. rusticana 'Kasugayama (Mount Kasuga)'
Camellia japonica 'Kasumino (Misty Field)'
Camellia japonica 'Katie'
Camellia japonica 'Katie variegated'
Camellia japonica 'Kenny'
Camellia japonica 'Kick-Off'
Camellia japonica 'Kimberley'
Camellia japonica 'King's Ransom'
Camellia japonica 'Kingyo-tsubaki (Goldfish Camellia)'
Camellia japonica 'Kokuryû (Black Dragon)'
Camellia japonica 'Kon-wabisuke (Dark Blue Wabisuke)'
Camellia japonica 'Kona'
Camellia japonica 'Kramer's Supreme'
Camellia japonica 'Kumagai'
Camellia japonica 'Kuro-tsubaki (Black Camellia)'
Camellia japonica 'L.T. Dees'
Camellia japonica 'Lady Campbell'
Camellia japonica 'Lady Clare'
Camellia japonica 'Lady Hume's Blush'
Camellia japonica 'Lady Kay Red'
Camellia japonica 'Lady Winneke'
Camellia japonica 'Lemon Drop'
Camellia japonica 'Lily Pons'
Camellia japonica 'Lipstick'
Camellia japonica 'Little Bit'
Camellia japonica 'Little Michael'
Camellia japonica 'Lucy Stewart'
Camellia japonica 'Madame Picouline'
Camellia japonica 'Magic City'
Camellia japonica 'Magnolia'
Camellia japonica 'Maiden's Blush'
Camellia japonica 'Man Size'
Camellia japonica 'Marchioness of Salisbury'
Camellia japonica 'Margaret Davis'
Camellia japonica 'Margaret Davis Picotee'
Camellia japonica 'Margaret Wells'
Camellia japonica 'Margherita Coleoni'
Camellia japonica 'Maria Irene'
Camellia japonica 'Marie le Ménélec'
Camellia japonica 'Mark Alan'
Camellia japonica 'Mark Alan Variegated'
Camellia japonica 'Maroon and Gold'
Camellia japonica 'Mary Wheeler Variegated'
Camellia japonica 'Masayoshi (Personal Name)'
Camellia japonica 'Masterpiece'
Camellia japonica 'Mathotiana Alba'
Camellia japonica 'Mathotiana Rosea'
Camellia japonica 'Mathotiana Rubra'
Camellia japonica 'Mathotiana Supreme'
Camellia japonica 'Mattie Cole'
Camellia japonica 'Midnight Magic'
Camellia japonica Higo 'Mikuni-no-homare (Nations Honour)'
Camellia japonica 'Miss Charleston'
Camellia japonica 'Miss Mandie Supreme'
Camellia japonica 'Momijigari (Maple Viewing)'
Camellia japonica 'Momoiro-bokuhan (Peach Coloured Anemone)'
Camellia japonica 'Moonlight Bay'
Camellia japonica 'Monstruosa'
Camellia japonica 'Mont Blanc'
Camellia japonica 'Monte Carlo Supreme'
Camellia japonica 'Moshio (Seaweed Salt)'
Camellia japonica 'Mrs Bertha A. Harms'
Camellia japonica 'Mrs Charles Cobb'
Camellia japonica 'Mrs D.W. Davis'
Camellia japonica 'Mrs D.W. Davis Descanso'
Camellia japonica 'Mrs Shawhan'
Camellia japonica 'Mrs Jimmy Davis'
Camellia japonica 'Myrtifolia'
Camellia japonica 'Nihongami (Japanese Hairstyle)'
Camellia japonica 'Nine Bends'
Camellia japonica Higo 'Nioi-fubuki (Fragrant Snow Storm)'
Camellia japonica 'Nishiki-gasane (Double Brocade)'
Camellia japonica 'Nokogiriba-tsubaki (Serrated Leaves Camellia)'
Camellia japonica 'Nuccio's Cameo'
Camellia japonica 'Nuccio's Gem'
Camellia japonica 'Nuccio's Jewel'
Camellia japonica 'Nuccio's Pearl'
Camellia japonica 'Number 77'
Camellia japonica 'October Affair'
Camellia japonica Higo 'Ôkan'
Camellia japonica 'Optima'
Camellia japonica 'Orandakô (Holland Red)'
Camellia japonica 'Oscar B. Elmer'
Camellia japonica 'Ou-No-Sato'
Camellia japonica 'Owen Henry'
Camellia japonica 'Paeonia Rosea Portuensis'
Camellia japonica 'Patricia Ann'
Camellia japonica 'Paul Jones Supreme'
Camellia japonica 'Peonia Superba'
Camellia japonica 'Perfeição de Villar d'Allen'
Camellia japonica 'Peter Pan'
Camellia japonica 'Philippa Ifould'
Camellia japonica 'Pilida'
Camellia japonica 'Pine Cone'
Camellia japonica 'Pink Explorer'
Camellia japonica 'Pink Perfection (Otome)'
Camellia japonica 'Pomponia Alba Monstruosa'
Camellia japonica 'Pomponia Luctea'
Camellia japonica 'Pomponia Portuensi'
Camellia japonica 'Prince Eugene Napoleon'
Camellia japonica 'Prince of Orange'
Camellia japonica 'Professore Giovanni Santarelli'
Camellia japonica 'Professor Sargent'
Camellia japonica 'Rachel Tarpy'
Camellia japonica 'Rainha Dona Amelia'
Camellia japonica 'Richard Nixon'
Camellia japonica 'R.L. Wheeler'
Camellia japonica 'Roma Risorta'
Camellia japonica 'Rose des Sables'
Camellia japonica 'Rosea Plena'
Camellia japonica 'Royal Velvet'
Camellia japonica 'Royal Velvet Variegated'
Camellia japonica 'Rudolph'
Camellia japonica 'Ruth McLean'
Camellia japonica 'Sabina'
Camellia japonica 'Sampei-Tsubaki'
Camellia japonica 'Saudade de José Francisco Desidério'
Camellia japonica 'Saudade de Martins Branco'
Camellia japonica 'Satsuma (Ancient Name for Kagoshima)'
Camellia japonica 'Sawada's Dream'
Camellia japonica 'Senator Duncan U. Fletcher'
Camellia japonica 'Shikibu'
Camellia japonica 'Shokkô-Nishiki'
Camellia japonica 'Shoutao (Birthday Peach)'
Camellia japonica 'Show Time'
Camellia japonica 'Silver Anniversary'
Camellia japonica 'Silver Chalice'
Camellia japonica 'Silver Lace'
Camellia japonica 'Silver Waves'
Camellia japonica 'Snowball'
Camellia japonica 'Snow Chan'
Camellia japonica 'Speciosissima'
Camellia japonica 'Spectabilis de Loddiges'
Camellia japonica 'Spring Sonnet'
Camellia japonica 'Storyi'
Camellia japonica 'Sumizome (Black Frock)'
Camellia japonica 'Sunset Glory'
Camellia japonica 'Tabbs'
Camellia japonica 'Taiyô (Chûbu) (The Sun; Chûbu)'
Camellia japonica 'Taiyô-nishiki'
Camellia japonica 'Tama Bambino'
Camellia japonica 'Tama Beauty'
Camellia japonica 'Tama Peacock'
Camellia japonica 'Tama-No-Ura'
Camellia japonica 'Tata'
Camellia japonica 'Tetsuguruma (Iron Carriage)'
Camellia japonica 'Tiffany'
Camellia japonica 'Tiffany Variegated'
Camellia japonica 'Tom Cat'
Camellia japonica 'Tom Knudsen'
Camellia japonica 'Tricolor'
Camellia japonica 'Twilight'
Camellia japonica 'Usu-otome (Fair Maiden)'
Camellia japonica 'Variegata'
Camellia japonica 'Vedrine'
Camellia japonica 'Villar d' Allen'
Camellia japonica 'Ville de Nantes'
Camellia japonica 'Ville de Nantes Red'
Camellia japonica 'Virginia Franco Rosea'
Camellia japonica 'White Bouquet'
Camellia japonica 'White Nun'
Camellia japonica 'Wilamina'
Camellia japonica 'William Bartlett'
Camellia japonica 'Zhuapolian (Scratched Face)'
Camellia x williamsii 'Angel Wings'
Camellia x williamsii 'Anticipation'
Camellia x williamsii 'Anticipation Variegated'
Camellia  hybrid 'Apple Blossom'
Camellia x williamsii 'Autumn Jewel'
Camellia hybrid 'Baby Bear'
Camellia saluenensis hybrid 'Baby Face (Fish)'
Camellia x williamsii 'Ballet Queen'
Camellia x williamsii 'Betty Ridley'
Camellia x williamsii 'Betty Ridley Variegated'
Camellia japonica hybrid 'Black Opal'
Camellia x williamsii 'Brigadoon'
Camellia hybrid 'Bunny Ears'
Camellia x williamsii 'Burncoose'
Camellia kissii hybrid 'Buttermint'
Camellia x williamsii 'Buttons'n Bows'
Camellia x williamsii 'Cameo Rose'
Camellia x williamsii 'China Clay'
Camellia hybrid 'Cinnamon Scentsation'
Camellia x williamsii 'Citation'
Camellia x williamsii 'Coral Bouquet'
Camellia x williamsii 'Coral Delight'
Camellia x williamsii 'Coral Delight Variegated'
Camellia x williamsii 'Cupcake'
Camellia x williamsii 'Daintiness'
Camellia x williamsii 'Debbie'
Camellia x williamsii 'Demure'
Camellia x williamsii 'Donation'
Camellia hybrid 'Dorothy James'
Camellia x williamsii 'Dream Boat'
Camellia x williamsii 'E.G. Waterhouse'
Camellia x williamsii 'E.G. Waterhouse Variegated'
Camellia  hybrid 'El Dorado'
Camellia x williamsii 'Elegant Beauty'
Camellia x williamsii 'Eryldene Excelsis'
Camellia x williamsii 'E.T.R. Carlyon'
Camellia hybrid 'Fairy Wand'
Camellia x williamsii 'Flirtation'
Camellia hybrid 'Fragrant Pink'
Camellia hybrid 'Freedom Bell'
Camellia x williamsii 'Galaxie'
Camellia x williamsii 'Garden Glory'
Camellia hybrid 'Gay Baby'
Camellia x williamsii 'Glenn's Orbit'
Camellia nitidissima hybrid 'Golden Glow'
Camellia hybrid 'Golden Lotus'
Camellia x williamsii 'Gwavas'
Camellia hybrid 'High Fragrance'
Camellia x williamsii 'Hiraethlyn'
Camellia x williamsii 'Hot Stuff'
Camellia x williamsii 'Island Sunset'
Camellia x williamsii 'J.C. Williams'
Camellia x williamsii 'Jackpot'
Camellia x williamsii 'Joe Nuccio'
Camellia x williamsii 'Julia Hamiter'
Camellia x williamsii 'Jury's Yellow'
Camellia hybrid 'Kagirohi (First Light of Dawn)'
Camellia hybrid 'Kichô (Yellow Tone)'
Camellia hybrid 'Kihô (Yellow Phoenix)'
Camellia hybrid 'Ki-no-jômanji (Yellow Jômanji)'
Camellia hybrid 'Kinomoto 92 (Yellow Base 92)'
Camellia hybrid 'Kinomoto 95 (Yellow Base 95)'
Camellia nitidissima hybrid 'Kogane-nishiki (Golden Brocade)'
Camellia nitidissima hybrid 'Kogane-yuri (Golden Lily)'
Camellia x williamsii 'Lady's Maid'
Camellia x williamsii 'Laura Boscawen'
Camellia nitidissima hybrid 'Lemon Twist'
Camellia x williamsii 'Mary Jobson'
Camellia x williamsii 'Mary Phoebe Taylor'
Camellia hybrid 'Minato-no-haru (Harbour in Spring)'
Camellia hybrid 'Moonbeam'
Camellia x williamsii 'Monica Dance'
Camellia x williamsii 'Muskoka'
Camellia hybrid 'Nicky Crisp'
Camellia hybrid 'Night Rider'
Camellia saluenensis hybrid 'Ole'
Camellia x williamsii 'Philippa Forward'
Camellia x williamsii 'Pink Dahlia'
Camellia granthamiana hybrid 'Pink Granthamiana'
Camellia hybrid 'Punkin'
Camellia x williamsii 'Red Dahlia'
Camellia x williamsii 'Rosemary Williams'
Camellia x williamsii 'Ruby Wedding'
Camellia x williamsii 'Sayonara'
Camellia hybrid 'Scented Gem'
Camellia hybrid 'Scentuous'
C. japonica x C. nitidissima 'Shokô (First Yellow)'
Camellia cuspidata hybrid 'Spring Festival'
Camellia x williamsii 'St. Ewe'
Camellia hybrid 'Stars 'N Stripes'
Camellia x williamsii 'Taylor's Perfection'
Camellia x williamsii 'Tulip Time'
Camellia x williamsii 'Water Lily'
Camellia hybrid 'Winton'
Camellia sasanqua 'Autumn Dawn'
Camellia sasanqua 'Bert Jones'
Camellia sasanqua 'Bettie Patricia'
Camellia sasanqua 'Blush Rosette'
Camellia sasanqua 'Brooksie Anderson'
Camellia sasanqua 'Chôjiguruma (Wheel of Anemone)'
Camellia sasanqua 'Cleopatra (Sawada)'
Camellia sasanqua 'Daishuhai (Large Vermilion Cup)'
Camellia sasanqua 'Double Rainbow'
Camellia sasanqua 'Dwarf Shishi'
Camellia sasanqua 'Frosted Star'
Camellia sasanqua 'Grady's Egao'
Camellia sasanqua 'Gulf Glory'
Camellia sasanqua 'Hanajiman (Flower to Boast of)'
Camellia sasanqua 'Hiryû (Scarlet Dragon)'
Camellia sasanqua 'Hugh Evans'
Camellia sasanqua 'Kôgyoku (Red Gem)'
Camellia sasanqua 'Little Pearl'
Camellia sasanqua 'Mine-no-yuki or White Doves'
Camellia sasanqua 'Misty Moon'
Camellia sasanqua 'Narumigata'
Camellia sasanqua 'New Dawn'
Camellia sasanqua 'Nodami-ushiro (Obscure)'
Camellia sasanqua 'Painted Desert'
Camellia sasanqua 'Paradise Blush'
Camellia sasanqua 'Paradise Little Liane'
Camellia sasanqua 'Paradise Venessa'
Camellia sasanqua 'Plantation Pink'
Camellia sasanqua 'Rainbow'
Camellia sasanqua 'Rosea Plena (Hillier)'
Camellia sasanqua 'Rosette'
Camellia sasanqua 'Sakura-zukuyo (Cherry Blossom in the Moonlight)'
Camellia sasanqua 'Shinonome (Eastern Cloud)'
Camellia sasanqua 'Slim 'N Trim'
Camellia sasanqua 'Snowfall'
Camellia sasanqua 'Snowflake (Sawada)'
Camellia sasanqua 'Tanya (Title to a Drama)'
Camellia sasanqua 'Versicolor (Sawada)'
Camellia sasanqua 'White Cleopatra'
C. oleifera x C. sasanqua 'Winter's Toughie'
Camellia x vernalis 'December Rose'
Camellia x vernalis 'Egao (Smiling Face)'
Camellia x vernalis 'Himekôki (Princess Kôki)'
Camellia x vernalis 'Kotsuzumi (Small Drum)'
Camellia x vernalis 'Shibori-Egao'
Camellia x vernalis 'Star Above Star'
Camellia x vernalis 'Yuletide'
Camellia hiemalis 'Chansonette'
Camellia hiemalis 'Kanjirô (Personal Name)'
Camellia hiemalis 'Shishigashira (Lions Head)'
Camellia hiemalis 'Showa Supreme'
Camellia hiemalis 'Sparkling Burgundy'
Camellia amplexicaulis
Camellia changii
Camellia cucphuongensis
Camellia cuspidata var. cuspidata
Camellia euphlebia
Camellia forrestii
Camellia fraterna
Camellia granthamiana
Camellia grijsii
Camellia impressinervis
Camellia irrawadiensis
Camellia lutchuensis
Camellia maliflora
Camellia miyagii
Camellia nitidissima
Camellia nitidissima
'Syokou'
Camellia nitidissima var. microcarpa
Camellia petelotii
Camellia pitardii var. pitardii
Camellia rosaeflora
Camellia rosmannii
Camellia salicifolia
Camellia sinensis var. sinensis
Camellia sinensis var. assamica
Camellia synaptica
Camellia transnokoensis
Camellia tsai
Camellia uraku
Camelllia yuhsienensis
<<

 

The Cycadales Collection

Cycadophytes (members of the Cycadophyta division and Cycadales order) are a group of very ancient and distinct plants. Frequently confused with palm trees or ferns, these plants differ amongst themselves in many structural, functional and reproductive aspects.

Cycadophytes are slow-growing, perennial plants, whose functional leaves appear in a corona located at the apex of the stem. Cycadophytes are dioecious, i.e., male and female cones grow on different plants. Reproduction occurs by means of bare seeds, protected by fleshy teguments in varied colours (green, chestnut, orange, yellow and red). For this reason, they are considered gymnosperms, in contrast to angiosperms, whose seeds are protected by a fruit produced in the ovary.

In addition to the leaves, whose morphology varies, depending on the species, reproductive cones (of various shapes and sizes) and seeds (of different colours) also contribute to the beauty of these extraordinary plants.

Cycadophytes are considered true living fossils, which, together with the species Ginkgo biloba, dominated the flora of the Mesozoic Era, during the Jurassic Period, and the beginning of the Cretaceous (although they appeared much earlier, during the Paleozoic Era, and very early Permian). However, the current three families of present-day cycadophytes appeared (Cycadaceae, Zamiaceae, Stangeriaceae) during the Tertiary Period, approximately 50-60 million years ago.

Although cycadophytes dominated terrestrial vegetation in the distant past, the situation today is quite different: the three families mentioned consist of only 11 genera and approximately 250 species (although botanists disagree on the exact number). These species are found in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the northern and southern hemisphere; however, the greatest diversity of species is found in Central America. The distribution of cycadophytes in the world includes a substantial number of plants in South Africa, Australia, South America, the southern regions of North America and the Caribbean. The Cycas genus is the most widely encountered, with examples in Japan, China, Asia, Southwest Asia, countless Pacific islands, Australia, the East Coast of Africa and Madagascar.

At Terra Nostra, the Cycadales collection was initiated in 2000 with the visit of Christian Muller, a German traveller, who roamed the world in search of plants of the Cycas genus in order to start trading these species. During one of his visits to the garden, he became very interested in one particular tree (Cunninghamia lanceolata). As a result, he contacted the head gardener to suggest swapping this tree for one of the various cycads on his estate, in Lagoa, on São Miguel, where he had been living for several years.

The head gardener, Fernando Costa, subsequently visited Christian Muller’s estate to acquire some other species. The beauty of these plants made such an impression on him that he immediately decided to collect more .

In the meantime, Christian Muller decided to move to Canada. Fernando Costa then began the search for other people who shared his interest in cycads. As a result, he met Timotheus de Groot, a Dutch horticulturist with extensive experience in consultancy services, and succeeded in obtaining other examples.

The collection reached its peak when Fernando Costa learned that the only European nurseryman capable of supplying more species of cycadophytes lived in Spain. During his trip to the country, he discovered that this person was none other than Christian Muller, who had, in the meantime, returned to Europe from Canada and settled in Spain. Costa immediately bought nearly 30 different plants, which contributed towards the now 85 cycadophytes found in the garden today.

The Cycads Garden was planted in an old orange grove inside the garden, which formed the basis of a small valley created to transport all visitors back to a pre-historic landscape, in which fantastic creatures, such as dinosaurs, lived together with the cycadophytes, which very probably served as their food.

The garden itself is surrounded by a high hedge of Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum) and black or Java plum (Syzygium sp.), which was planted when the land was mainly occupied by orange trees. The hedge served to protect the citrus trees from strong winds, while shielding the remaining ornamental areas. Today, the hedge also helps form a micro-climate that is essential in aiding the cycadophytes to adapt.

The shorter Camellia sinensis hedge, popularly known as the tea plant, delimits the valley where the plants are arranged. This is a shrub-like perennial plant, long cultivated on the island of São Miguel for its ornamental and economic value (tea production).

Between the hedges lies a cover of Clivia miniata, a very common plant from South Africa, which blooms in spring. Its orange flowers offer a perfect contrast with the green of the cycadophytes.

The Cycads Garden also contains examples of Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis), which first arrived at the Terra Nostra Garden, in 2009, as a gift given to one of its owners, Patrícia Bensaude Fernandes by Luís Mendonça de Carvalho, Director of the Botanical Museum of Beja.

The Wollemi pine was discovered in 1994, in a valley located in Wollemi National Park, 200 km west of the city of Sydney (Australia). Like the cycadophytes, the Wollemi Pine is considered a living fossil, since records indicate that the ancestors of the present-day Wollemi pine existed at the same time as the great dinosaurs. This was one reason for the decision to include this prehistoric plant, which has adapted so successfully to the Cycads Garden.

The 85 plants from the Cycadophyta division found at Terra Nostra belong to 8 of the 11 genera currently known and are as follows: Cycas, Stangeria, Dioon, Encephalartos, Lepidozamia, Macrozamia, Ceratozamia and Zamia.

<<

 

List of plants in the Cycadales Collection

Ceratozamia hildae
Ceratozamia kuesteriana
Ceratozamia latifolia
Ceratozamia mexicana
Ceratozamia robusta
Ceratozamia
sp. 'Palma Sola'
Cycas bougainvilleana
Cycas chevalierii
Cycas circinalis
Cycas media
Cycas megacarpa
Cycas multipinnata
Cycas petraea
Cycas platyphylla
Cycas revoluta
Cycas rumphii
Cycas sexseminifera
Cycas thouarsii
Dioon angustifolium
Dioon califanoi
Dioon edule
Dioon rzedowskii
Dioon Spinulosum
Encephalartos aemulans
Encephalartos altensteinii
Encephalartos aplanatus
Encephalartos arenarius
Encephalartos barteri
Encephalartos bubalinus
Encephalartos caffer
Encephalartos cerinus
Encephalartos chimanimaniensis
Encephalartos concinuus
Encephalartos cupidus
Encephalartos dolomiticus
Encephalartos equatorialis
Encephalartos eugene
- maraisii
Encephalartos ferox
Encephalartos friderici
- guilielmi
Encephalartos gratus
Encephalartos hildebrandtii
Encephalartos hirsutus
Encephalartos horridus
Encephalartos ituriensis
Encephalartos kisambo
Encephalartos laevifolius
Encephalartos laurentianus
Encephalartos lebomboensis
Encephalartos lehmannii
Encephalartos longifolius
Encephalartos manikensis
Encephalartos middelburgensis
Encephalartos msinganus
Encephalartos munchii
Encephalartos natalensis
Encephalartos natalensis
(Umgeniensis)
Encephalartos ngoyanus
Encephalartos nubimontanus
Encephalartos paucidentatus
Encephalartos princeps
Encephalartos pterogonus
Encephalartos sclavoi
Encephalartos senticosus
Encephalartos septentrionalis

Encephalartos sp. bunia
Encephalartos tegulaneus
Encephalartos transvenosus
Encephalartos trispinosus
Encephalartos turneri
Encephalartos umbeluziensis
Encephalartos villosus
Encephalartos whitelockii
Lepidozamia peroffskyana
Macrozamia communis
Macrozamia miquelii
Macrozamia moorei
Macrozamia riedlei
Macrozamia spiralis
Stangeria eriopus

Zamia furfuracea
Zamia integrifolia
Zamia skinneri
Zamia vazquezii

<<

 

The Fern Collection

The ancestors of contemporary ferns appeared during the Carboniferous Period, when these plants dominated terrestrial vegetation, covering vast areas with their characteristic green foliage.

Ferns form part of an important part of the Plantae kingdom – the Pteridophyta division, found in a variety of different habitats: in soil, on rocks (such as lithophiles) and trees (such as epiphytes). They are normally recognised by their foliage (called fronds), which may be simple or pinnulate, ranging from light to very dark green, or variegated in colour.

The underside of the foliage houses the reproductive structures of these plants – the sorus, an assembly of sporangia, the organs which produce spores. In favourable conditions, the spores germinate and produce the prothallus, a structure housing the sexual cells responsible for the sexual reproduction of these plants.

...

Ferns are seedless vascular plants, since they lack both flowers and fruit.

Bryophites (mosses and hepatics, for example) also use spores as one means of reproduction, but these are non-vascular plants, possessing no specialised tissues (xylem and phloema) to conduct water, nutrients and hormones; hence minimal growth. In contrast, ferns can grow to the size of trees.

Water plays an essential role in the completion of the reproductive cycle of ferns by carrying the sperm cells to the ovum in such a way as to permit fertilisation. Flowering plants and conifers develop structures, such as flowers and cones, which may require the assistance of the wind or insects to complete their reproductive cycle. This is one reason why the great majority of ferns are found in humid, shady areas, where water is available all year round.

On the other hand, some ferns possess the surprising ability to survive the most extreme climates, such as deserts and mountains. This is made possible by physiological adaptations, such as increased growth of very deep roots, the development of a hairy tegument covering the stem and leaves to reduce water loss or leaves that roll up, suspending growth while awaiting more favourable weather conditions.

As to their overall distribution, these plants are found in great abundance in temperate and subtropical zones, including the valleys of the Himalayas, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. The temperate zones of the United States of America possess more than 200 endemic species; however, the greatest numbers of ferns are found in the tropics.

It is estimated that there are nearly 12,000 species of Pteridophites in the biosphere, but it is likely that even more species of ferns await discovery and botanical description.

In 1990, Filipe Bensaude, son of Vasco Bensaude, decided to renovate the gardens at Terra Nostra. To do so, he contracted the services of horticulturist David Sayers, who, together with arboriculturist Richard Green, surveyed all 2,485 trees in the garden, numbering and labelling them. The trees were pruned to keep them healthy, cure and prevent disease and restore their vigour; at the same time, over 3,000 young trees, shrubs and plants, some of them ferns, were planted to ensure the future of the garden.

In 1994, after the work by David Sayers and Richard Green was completed, the head gardener, Fernando Costa, created a beautiful fern garden in the area on either sides of the stream. This garden currently possesses nearly 300 examples of different species, varieties and cultivars, some of them endemic. The genera represented include: Adiantum, Angiopteris, Asplenium, Athyrium, Blechnum, Campyloneurum, Christella, Cibotium, Culcita, Cyathea, Cyrtomium, Davallia, Deparia, Dicksonia, Didymochlaena, Diplazium, Doodia, Dryopteris, Equisetum, Goniophlebium, Huperzia, Lophosoria, Lygodium, Matteuccia, Microlepia, Niphidium, Nephrolepis, Onoclea, Onychium, Osmunda, Pellaea, Phlebodium, Phyllitis, Pityrogramma, Polypodium, Psilotum, Pteris, Rumohra, Sadleria, Selaginella, Sphaeropteris, Stegnogramma, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Todea, Trichomanes, Woodsia, Woodwardia.

<<

 

List of plants in the Fern Collection

Adiantum caudatum
Adiantum hispidulum
Adiantum microphyllum
Adiantum monocolor
Adiantum pedatum
'Imbricatum'
Adiantum peruvianum
Adiantum pubescens
Adiantum raddianum
'Fritz-Luthi'
Adiantum reniforme
Adiantum tenerum
'Scutum Roseum'
Adiantum venustum
Angiopteris evecta
Asplenium antiquum
Asplenium arifolia
Asplenium fimbriatum
Asplenium hemionitis
Asplenium monanthes
Asplenium obovatum
Asplenium trichomanes
Athyrium filix
-femina
Athyrium filix-femina 'Frizelliae'
Athyrium filix-femina 'Rotstiel'
Athyrium filix-femina 'Victoriae'
Athyrium niponicum 'Metallicum'
Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum'
Athyrium niponicum 'Purple Garden'
Athyrium otophorum
Blechnum brasiliense
Blechnum chilense
Blechnum discolor
Blechnum fluviatile
Blechnum gibbum
Blechnum glandulosum
Blechnum hastatum
Blechnum magellanicum
Blechnum minus
Blechnum novae
-zelandiae
Blechnum nudum
Blechnum penna
-marina
Blechnum 'Silver Lady'
Blechnum tabulare
Campyloneurum phyllitidis
Christella dentata
Cibotium glaucum
Cibotium regale
Culcita macrocarpa
Cyathea australis
Cyathea brownii
Cyathea cooperi
'Brentwood'
Cyathea dealbata
Cyathea dregei
Cyathea medullaris
Cyathea milnei
Cyathea smithii
Cyathea spinulosa
Cyathea tomentosissima
Cyrtomium falcatum
Davallia bullata
Davallia canariensis
Davallia mariesii
var. stenolepis
Davallia pyxidata
Davallia trichomanoides
Davallia tyermanii
Deparia petersenii
Dicksonia antarctica
Dicksonia fibrosa
Dicksonia sellowiana
Dicksonia squarrosa
Didymochlaena truncatula
Diplazium caudatum
Diplazium esculentum
Doodia caudata
Doodia media
Doodia squarrosa
Doryopteris pedata
Dryopteris aemula
Dryopteris affinis
Dryopteris affinis
'Congesta Cristata'
Dryopteris affinis 'Crispa'
Dryopteris affinis 'Cristata the king'
Dryopteris atrata
Dryopteris azorica
Dryopteris clintoniana
Dryopteris Crispifolia
Dryopteris cycadina
Dryopteris erythrosora
Dryopteris erythrosora f. prolifica
Dryopteris erythrosora f. viridosora

Dryopteris filix-mas 'Barnessii'
Dryopteris filix-mas 'Crispa Cristata'
Dryopteris filix-mas 'Cristata'
Dryopteris filix-mas 'Grandiceps'
Dryopteris filix-mas 'Linearis Polydactyla'
Dryopteris goldiana
Dryopteris mindschelkensis
Dryopteris tokyoensis
Dryopteris wallichiana
Equisetum telmateia
Goniophlebium subauriculatum
'Knightiae'
Hypolepis millefolium
Lophosoria quadripinnata
Lycopodium cernuum
Lygodium japonicum
Matteuccia orientalis
Matteuccia pensylvanica
Matteuccia struthiopteris
Microlepia hirta
Microlepia platyphylla
Microlepia speluncae
'Corymbifera'
Microlepia strigosa
Microsorum diversifolium
Nephrolepis cordifolia
Nephrolepis cordifolia
Nephrolepis cordifolia
'Lemon Buttons'
Nephrolepis cordifolia 'Plumosa'
Nephrolepis exaltata 'Corditas'
Nephrolepis exaltata 'Green Fantasy'
Nephrolepis exaltata 'Green Lady'
Nephrolepis exaltata 'Teddy Junior'
Nephrolepis hirsutula
Nephrolepis obliterata
'Emerald Queen'
Niphidium albopunctatissimum
Niphidium crassifolium
Onoclea sensibilis
Onychium japonicum
Osmunda cinnamomea
Osmunda cinnamomea
var. fokiensis
Osmunda claytoniana

Osmunda regalis
Osmunda regalis
'Purpurascens'
Osmunda regalis var. brasiliensis
Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis
Pellaea falcata
Pellaea hastata
Pellaea rotundifolia
Pellaea viridis
Phlebodium aureum
Phlebodium aureum
'Blue Star'
Phyllitis scolopendrium
Phyllitis scolopendrium
'Cristatum'
Pityrogramma calomelanos
Pityrogramma ebenea
Polypodium aureum
Polypodium aureum
var. areolatum
Polypodium azoricum
Polypodium cambricum
Polypodium formosanum
Polypodium polycarpon
'Grandiceps'
Polypodium subauriculatum
Polypodium vulgare
Polypodium vulgare
'Bifido Multifidum'
Polystichum aculeatum
Polystichum braunii
Polystichum dracomontanum
Polystichum neolobatum
Polystichum piceo-paleaceum
Polystichum polyblepharum
Polystichum proliferum
Polystichum setiferum
Polystichum setiferum
'Congestum'
Polystichum setiferum 'Dahlem'
Polystichum setiferum 'Herrenhausen'
Polystichum setiferum 'Proliferum'
Polystichum setiferum 'Trilobum'
Polystichum tsus-simense
Polystichum vestitum
Polystichum
x dycei
Polystichum yunnanense
Psilotum nudum
Pteris cretica
Pteris cretica
'Major'
Pteris cretica 'Mayii'
Pteris cretica 'Rivertoniana'
Pteris cretica 'Wimsetii'
Pteris dentata
Pteris ensiformis
Pteris ensiformis
'Evergemiensis'
Pteris incompleta
Pteris multifida
'Ouvrardii'
Pteris nipponica
Pteris pacifica
Pteris quadriaurita
'Argyraea'
Pteris quadriaurita 'Tricolor'
Pteris serrulata
Pteris tremula
Pteris umbrosa
Pteris vittata
Rumohra adiantiformis
Sadleria cyatheoides
Selaginella martensii
'Variegata'
Selaginella pallescens
Sphaeropteris cooperi
Stegnogramma pozoi
Stenochlaena tenuifolia
Thelypteris decursive
-pinnata
Thelypteris palustris
Todea barbara
Trichomanes speciosum
Woodsia obtusa
Woodwardia areolata
Woodwardia fimbriata
Woodwardia orientalis
var. formosana
Woodwardia radicans
Woodwardia unigemmata

<<

 

Garden of Endemic and Native Flora to the Azores

The Azores are part of the Macaronesia (from the Greek nesoi = islands), the name given to the group of archipelagos made up of the Azores, Madeira, the Canaries and Cape Verde. These islands share a very special flora, which originates from the extinct forests of the Tertiary and previous periods, particular species, many living fossils from important evolutionary trunks of current flora and the stll important effect of insular ecology on evolutionary structure.

On these archipelagos, the existing endemic forest is laurisilva, whose name derives from the Latin Laurus (laurel, lauraceae) and Silva (forest, wood).

Twenty million years ago, during the Tertiary period, the laurisilva forest was common throughout what is now the Mediterranean basin, Southern Europe and North Africa. However, the formation of the Mediterranean Sea and the subsequent climactic changes throughout Europe and North Africa, as well as the occurence of nine glacial and interglacial periods over the last 2 million years led to the mass extinction of ecosystems and the appearance of new ones with a different ecology and species.

The insular regions that belong to the Macaronesia, which enjoy a milder climate due to the softening effect of the surrounding Atlantic Ocean, became refuges and protective areas for many species characteristic of the laurisilva forest. As such, this type of forest, which is dominated by laurifolius species (trees, evergreens with large glabrous or subglabrous and coriaceous leaves) and associated with a mild climate, gentle winters and summers without water stress, are very important in the Azores.

After being colonised, over time, the native forest of the Azores has been drastically reduced, with the wood of many endemic species being used in traditional cooking and for heating houses, as well as greater use of land for pasture and the introduction of exotic and invasive species.

At Terra Nostra, we have a garden dedicated to endemic and native plants of the archipelago, which highlights their importance and allows the public to discover a little more about the natural flora of the Azores. In this garden, which was first planted in 1994, although some of the endemic plants have been replaced, visitors can still find plants dating back to that year, many of them now the size of trees.

<<

 

Plants from the Azorean Endemic and Native Flora Garden

Juniperus brevifolia 
(Cedro-do-mato, Zimbro)
Frangula azorica 
(Sanguinho)
Viburnum treleasei
(Folhado)
Vaccinium cylindraceum 
(Uva-da-Serra)
Laurus azorica
(Louro-de-Cheiro)
Erica azorica
(Urze)
Picconia azorica 
(Pau branco)
Ilex perado ssp. azorica
(Azevinho)
Prunus azorica
(Gingeira-do-Mato)
Myrsine africana 
(Tamujo)
Morella faya 
(Faia-da-Terra)
Calluna vulgaris
(Queiroga)

<<

 

List of plants in the Vireya Garden

Rhododendron 'Candy'
Rhododendron 'First Light'
Rhododendron jasminiflorum ssp. jasminiflorum
Rhododendron 'Java Light'
Rhododendron macgregoriae
Rhododendron 'Saint Valentine'
Rhododendron 'Saxon Blush'
Rhododendron 'Sunny Splendour'

<<